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Many other Scientologist-run organizations and companies come from the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies using Hubbard's management teachings, and circulates directories of WISE-affiliated organizations. WISE needs those who wish to become Hubbard management seeks advice from to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another well-known WISE-affiliated organization is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Federal government is a division of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.




This section needs growth. You can assist by contributing to it. In order to help with the ongoing expansion of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the kind of powerful or reputable individuals. Scientology Perth. Though it has actually obtained some trustworthiness as a religious beliefs in numerous countries, Scientology has actually likewise been referred to as both a cult and an industrial enterprise.

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For example, it has been kept in mind to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by identifying as Level playing field individuals it perceives as its enemies. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were founded guilty for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were also founded guilty of fraud, murder and damaging witnesses in French cases, harmful libel versus legal representative Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner specifies that Scientology's "high level of visibility" may be viewed as "threatening to developed social institutions".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were business and run for the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, however its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology remained in 52 nations by the time the 80s can be found in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost consistently for 26 years trying to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had actually at first demandedand the IRS acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit organization.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as proof the United States federal government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the inbound Barack Obama administration to investigate, as determined in a web poll run by the governmental transition team getting public input for the incoming administration.

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State Department has criticized Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its published annual International Religious Freedom report, based on the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is dealt with legally as a business enterprise, and not as a faith or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was given a tax-exemption for the 10% license costs sent to the United States. The word Scientology (and many related terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered trademark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a tough line on individuals and groups who attempt to utilize it in ways unaffiliated with click to read the official Church (see find Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain aspects of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was created with its head workplace positioned at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology. Under The Guardian's Office (later on relabelled the Office of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later arranged and dedicated among the largest penetration of United States federal firms ever perpetrated by a company not affiliated with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal offense dedicated by these accuseds is of a breadth and scope previously unprecedented. No structure, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and prying. No individual or company was complimentary from their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past used aggressive tactics in dealing with those it views as trying to reduce them, called Suppressive Individuals (SPs) first described by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair video game. Perth Scientology. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its creator.


Utilizing blank paper understood to have been dealt with by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb risks in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which could have sent Cooper to prison address for a prolonged term. The Church's strategy was found at the very same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.